Bobby jindal

Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal speaks at the Iowa Faith and Freedom Coalition’s forum in Waukee, Iowa, in April. Jundal is expecyed to announce his candidacy in the GOP field for president. Photo by Jim Young/Reuters

He’s the son of Indian immigrants, a Louisiana native, Ivy League graduate, Rhodes scholar and former college president. A two-term Louisiana governor, Bobby Jindal has served in the U.S. House of Representatives and consulted for Fortune 500 companies. Born Piyush Jindal, he is the only presidential candidate who adopted his name from a favorite sit-com character(the youngest Brady). He also happens to be the youngest 2016 White House hopeful (at 13 days younger than Marco Rubio). Here is what Bobby Jindal believes on 10 key issues.

RELATED CONTENT

• See where the candidates stand on key issues  

Budget: Pass Constitutional Amendment to balance the federal budget. Increase defense spending. Consider private accounts for Social Security.

Jindal supports a Constitutional Amendment requiring a balanced federal budget. As president, Jindal’s spending priority would be defense and he has called for increased military spending. While he has not recently outlined a specific approach to Medicare and Social Security, in 2005 Jindal supported President Bush’s proposal to create voluntary personal savings accounts as an option for workers.

Climate change: It is real. Humans are causing some amount, “but the real question is how much.”

The Bayou State governor told reporters in 2014 that he believes humans have had some effect on the climate, but the true amount is uncertain. Jindal has also said that the Obama administration is using climate change as a “Trojan horse” in order to increase government regulation. The conservative released his own 44-page energy plan called “Organizing Around Abundance” in 2014, in which he proposes eliminating many current environmental rules and instead focusing on forest management and other tools that he believes would not harm business.

Education: Get rid of Common Core. Roll back funding on state-support universities. Increase funding for community colleges.

Currently a leading opponent to the Common Core standards, Jindal has sued the Obama administration over the policy, arguing that the federal government has used funding to force states to adopt Common Core. He has also attempted to remove the standards in Louisiana by executive order. A state appeals court blocked that attempt in June. In 2010, Jindal was on the other side of the issue, strongly advocating that Louisiana adopt the state-initiated Common Core standards. On higher education, the Louisiana governor has pushed to significantly shrink the state-funded University of Louisiana system and he has championed community colleges and for-profit colleges.

Guns: Protect gun access.

A frequent speaker at National Rifle Association conferences, Jindal has compared the rights of gun ownership to religious liberty and has said the struggle to preserve and expand gun access is a pivotal fight thatcould last another generation. As governor, he has signed several gun bills into law, including a measure that prevents anyone from publishing concealed handgun permit information.

Immigration: Secure the border. Then allow a path to citizenship for undocumented residents. Expand legal immigration.

Jindal laid out his immigration position in a 2013 op-ed that called for the U.S. to first secure the southern border and to then set up a system where those in the country illegally could first get a legal status and later apply for citizenship. The Louisiana governor would also expand legal immigration, allowing more skilled foreign workers to enter the country and apply for citizenship. He would ban immigration from “radical Muslims”, including those who believe in Sharia law. In a London 2015 speech, Jindal sparked debatewith his belief that some European nations provide “no-go” or safe zones for Muslims who want to live under Sharia law.

During the 2007 immigration debate, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Jindal co-sponsored a bill to make English the official language of the United States and require government to use English in its functions.

Obamacare: Repeal and replace it with a new system.

Jindal, who ran the Louisiana health system when he was still in his 20s, has said the Affordable Care Act is a drain on the economy and bad healthcare policy. The governor has released a 23-page replacement proposal, called “America Next,” which would create a new tax deduction for healthcare and set up a new $100 billion government subsidy fund to help individuals earning low incomes or with pre-existing conditions purchase insurance. In 2013, Jindal proposed delaying the Medicaid expansion and health care exchanges under Obamacare to save enough money to avoid across-the-board budget cuts

Social Issues: Ban most abortions after 20 weeks and restrict abortion clinics. Marriage is between a man and a woman. If the Supreme Court upholds same-sex marriage, pass a Constitutional Amendment to ban it.

A social conservative, Jindal supports the “Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act,” which would ban abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy with exceptions for rape, incest or life of the mother. In 2014, he signed a law that required all Louisiana physicians who perform abortions to have admitting privileges at a hospital at least 30 miles away. The law effectively forced the closure of three of the state’s five abortion clinics. Earlier this year, his administration denied Planned Parenthood an operating license in New Orleans. On gay marriage, Jindal wrote a New York Times op-ed saying he would “hold firm” against same-sex unions. He told CNN’s “New Day” that should the Supreme Court overturn same-sex marriage bans, Congress and the states should pass a Constitutional Amendment restoring them. In the wake of Indiana’s religious liberty bill earlier this year, Jindal passed an executive order allowing businesses to refuse services related to same-sex marriage.

Taxes: Eliminate state income taxes. Look to local governments to plug Louisiana’s budget hole.

It is not yet clear how Jindal would address the federal tax system. As governor of Louisiana, he has pushed to eliminate state income taxes by eliminating some deductions or loopholes and trying to broaden the tax base. Faced with significant state budget shortfalls, Jindal has [proposed cutting back on tax credits that largely help local governments.

Iran and Israel: Current nuclear talks are a mistake. Increase support for Israel.

Positioned as a hawk on Iran, Jindal has criticized the continued nuclear talks led by the Obama administration, calling them “a bad deal for America and Israel.”

A strong supporter of both Israel and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Jindal believes that the Obama administration has been purposely disrespectful to the Jewish state.

Islamic State and Iraq: Keep open the option of sending U.S. ground troops.

The Louisiana governor has said that sending U.S. ground troops to fight the Islamic State militants should be an open option and he has criticized President Obama for his policy of limiting military deployment to the region to trainers and other specialists.

Scott walker

Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker announed his bid for the GOP presidential nomination Monday. Photo by Rick Wilking/Reuters

He is Colorado-born, Iowa-taught (until age 10) and Wisconsin-made. Scott Walker did not graduate from college but he started winning elections at age 26 and he has not lost since. A two-term governor with three statewide victories (including a recall vote), Walker is also a Harley-Davidson aficionado, Batman fan and a preacher’s son. Here is where Scott Walker stands on ten key issues.

RELATED CONTENT

• See where the candidates stand on key issues  

Climate Change:Unclear whether climate change is real or manmade. Stop EPA emissions regulation.

In 2013, Walker signed a pledge with the group Americans for Prosperity, promising to oppose any tax or fee increases aimed at fighting climate change. The Wisconsin governor has added his state to a lawsuit against the Environmental Protection Agency limits on carbon emissions from power plants. Walker has not specifically said whether he thinks climate change is real or manmade.

Debt/Fiscal Management: Privatize some government services. Delay debt payments to balance the state budget.

A longtime critic of the national debt, Walker is for reducing the size of government. While serving as Milwaukee County administrator in 2009, Walker turned down the possibility of federal stimulus dollars, saying the spending would ultimately bring budget problems. In that position, Walker privatized some services, including mental health care. As governor, he decided to push off $100 million in scheduled payments on the Wisconsin’s debt in order to balance the state’s budget.

Education: Increase school choice. Repeal Common Core.

Walker opposes the Common Core education standards, writing in the Des Moines Register that the state-initiated program takes too much power away from local school systems. In 2011 and 2012, Walker supported Common Core, Politifact found. The governor now proposes that each school district in his state chose several alternative tests to measure student progress.

In his proposed state budget for 2015-2017, Walker calls for vouchers for an unlimited number of students to attend private schools and supports using money allocated for public schools to pay for the program. As part of his push to reduce the size of government, Walker has cut education funding, reducing K-12 spending per student by 6.2 percent in his first year according to Politifact. His budget proposes a tuition freeze and a $300 million cut to state universities and colleges.

Immigration: Secure the border. No path to citizenship. Deportation is not the solution.

Walker told Fox News in March that he wants much stronger border security and opposes a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the United States. In that interview, the Wisconsin governor called his position a change in view. In 2013, Walker told the Waukesha Daily Herald he could envision a path to citizenship and did not see increased border security as the ideal solution. (Note: The Wall Street Journal reported in March that Walker told a private group in New Hampshire that he does support a path to citizenship. Walker’s campaign insists he is opposed.) It is unclear if Walker is open to any legal status for the undocumented. He told ABC’s Martha Raddatz in February that he is not advocating deportation of all people in the country illegally.

Social Issues: Ban nearly all abortion after 20 weeks. Pass a Constitutional Amendment to overturn the Supreme Court on gay marriage.

Gov. Walker supports legislation to ban abortions after 20 weeks, with exceptions only if the life of the mother is in danger, not for incest or rape. The Wisconsin Republican signed a bill sharply limiting abortion clinics in the state and requiring ultrasounds for any woman seeking an abortion in the state.

In a 2014 letter to a conservative group, Walker defined marriage as between “one man and one woman.” He called the June Supreme Court decision a “grave mistake” and has said he wants a Constitutional amendment to overturn it.

Taxes: Cut tax rates. Consider abolishing income tax.

As Wisconsin governor since 2011, Walker has cut more than $2 billion in taxes for Badger State residents and businesses. The total package reduced taxes by about 4.4 percent per person, according to Forbes. He did this by cutting spending elsewhere (see “Education”). Walker would cut corporate tax rates nationally and told a crowd in New Hampshire he likes the idea of eliminating income taxes, especially in states. In 2010, Walker signed an Americans for Tax Reform pledge to “oppose and veto any and all efforts to increase taxes.”

Unions and workers: Limit union organizing. Establish “right to work” laws.

Sparking national headlines in 2011, Walker won a battle to pass Wisconsin Act 10, limiting the ability of government workers, including teachers, to collectively bargain. The Wisconsin governor believes that unions inhibit other facets of the economy and public life. In 2015, he pushed for and signed Wisconsin’s right-to-work law, banning any workplace from requiring union dues.

Welfare and entitlements: Reduce government assistance. Require drug tests and job training in exchange for benefits.

Walker strongly supports cutting back on government welfare programs and increasing requirements to qualify for them. Through his workforce readinessplan, the Midwest governor proposes drug testing for several programs, including unemployment insurance, job training and transitional job programs. During his gubernatorial reelection campaign, Walker made a similar drug testing proposal for Wisconsin residents using the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), more commonly known as food stamps.

Iran and Israel: Reject any deal coming from current nuclear talks. Increase support to Israel.

Walker says he would reject any nuclear deal between the U.S. and Iran on Day 1 in the Oval Office. After returning from a trip to Israel in May, Walker wrote that current outlines of a deal would empower Iran to create a nuclear weapon someday and that the United States should give Israel more support.

Islamic State and Iraq: Go beyond airstrikes. Consider sending ground troops.

As commander-in-chief, Walker told ABC’s “This Week,” that he would move beyond aggressive airstrikes against Islamic State and is open to sending U.S. combat troops to the region. He considers ISIS to be the greatest foreign threat to the U.S.

Analysis of Obama Image

Iconic, thought provoking and political propaganda. Three phrases that successfully summarise the artwork commissioned for the Hope campaign. At first glance the image can easily be construed as a general piece of propaganda supporting Obama, although the context lies much deeper than firstly identified. When explaining the context behind the image Shephard considered the way in which his image would be interpreted by that of the average American." the American public is generally pretty superficial, so an image like that just allows them to project whatever limited idea they have onto it. Shephard is confident in his response that not every American will consider his work in as much detail as himself and may enforce their own beliefs upon the image. Although some may just interpret it as purely an aesthetically pleasing image of Obama, it may in well assure them that voting for Obama is the right decision. Thus Shephards context within the image is still being projected.

When first viewing the image the principal factor in which consumes the observer is that of the colours used. Red, Navy, pastel blue and cream all emblems of the iconic American flag. No skin colour is depicted within the image as Obama is formed from the nation's colours, consequently eliminating any forms of racial prejudice against him. Establishing Obama within these patriotic colours allows him to exhibit a truly American nostalgia without connotations to his African heritage, which often override the reality that Obama is an American citizen, being born and raised within the state of Hawaii.

The outlooking gaze Obama possesses within the image embarks on the reality of America's future. The expression may be interpreted in two formats. Firstly there is the notion of Hope. Obama's offset eyes are drawn to that of the future whereby his political influence has developed his country in no way that America has previously uncovered, an idyllic sentiment at the most. The second perception of the image being much stronger in reality. The notion in which Obama's fixed stare is a result of him contemplating the hardships in which are yet to come within American. With gun crime, terrorism and global warming being factors in which he expected to resolve within the following decade a daunting task lies ahead of him. One his strong prospering body language seems to express the confidence he maintains to complete such task.

Thirdly the factor in which embeds the political campaign directly within this image is the word HOPE. Positioned lower to the image no direct attention is drawn away from Obama, but structurally raises him above the word in which is most iconic to him. The word itself seems to uplift Obama comparable to Obama's plans to lift America from their extensive deficit. The typeface used for this completion is Gotham. Shephard being a graphic designer knows vast amounts surrounding the importance of typography, and how a certain typeface is able to position an audience. This is clearly presented within the design decisions in which he has embarked. Strong similarities can be derived between Obama and the geometric typeface. Firstly, Gotham is a sans-serif and thus stands bold and prominent characteristics in which Obama successfully maintains when delivering a speech to his nation. The typeface also derives from American similar to Obama, and thus embeds further nationalism into the design. The typeface also appeared on the cornstone of the One World Trade Centre which is built on the ground in which the former World Trade Centre once stood. As the 9/11 attacks were an experience in which no living American will forget, the usage of the memorial typeface enriches the entire ideology of the poster. When placed in this context the typeface suggests that Obama is willing to maintain the safety of his people, and will use past experiences to gather further knowledge on how to do so.

Simplistic plan for essay

Introduction- what is the question? Why I chose it? what they essay is about and what it discusses.

1st paragraph-Discuss Shepard Fairey's work, specifically in relation to posters.

2nd-Discuss the relevance of posters within the modern age.

3rd-Americas demographics for politics

4th- Shephards image analysed discussing how it targets black and young people.

5th-repeat of 4

Conclusion-What effect did the art have upon the political campaign.

Obama's Hope Campaign-influence of young people

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rAWRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT216&dq=obama%27s+hope+campaign&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6pZCKrNvJAhUBVxoKHRIHDvoQ6AEIPzAE#v=onepage&q=obama's%20hope%20campaign&f=false

Academic Writing Techniques

A number of authors have considered the lack of culture and personal expression through modern graphic design and it's obsessed nature of money making. Kalman (1998), Experimental Jetset (2001), Garland (2014), and AD Busters (2000) have all commented on the fact that modern design lacks personality and is frequently created in aid to source money rather than culture or experience. It is also discussed how graphics frequently lacks socially engaged work that focusing on intellectual study and rather pushes towards aesthetically pleasing work that lacks context. For instance Ad Busters discuss that creating meaningless graphic design for corporate companies not only harms design but also the environment in which we live in. 'Encouraged in this direction, designers then apply their skill and imagination to sell dog biscuits, designer coffee, diamonds, detergents, hair gel, cigarettes, credit cards, sneakers, butt toners, light beer and heavy-duty recreational vehicles.' The above quote suggests the harmfulness and polluting effects graphic design can contribute to, and that modern designers often 'sell' a brand without thinking of the company's effects. Thus suggesting that if designers were less focused upon money making strategies and rather the empowerment of the world, the place in which we live would be overall more content.

Focusing upon the First things first manifesto (1964 & 2000), a nike trainer advert was sourced. 

Typically the ad itself is promoting the fast nature and durability of Nike, this being expressed through the fire plummeting out of the shoes rear thus mimicking the direction of speed. The typefaces used  in correlation to to the word explosive suggest something much more powerful than a trainer. Something much bigger and thought provoking. Of course these being marketing techniques, in which alter away from the reality of the Nike brand. Using high power, glossy advertisements it is easy to forget the reality of Nike and where their products are produced. The large scale advertisements distract away from the sweat shop reality of the shoes origin, and also the vast profit accessible to the company due to the exploration of others. 

Garlands article (2000), covers much ground in exploring the issues of distinction between trivial and cultural work, and demonstrates clearly the principal idea that socially engaged work helps improve the world. In doing so Garland can help us to understand the complexity of intellectual study. There is a weakness in Garlands study as although he continually contributes to the topic of art not being used purely for money, he fails to account for the fact that the majority of designers who signed the pledge, had gained substantial finance through their design career. 

Writing in Fuck Committees (1998), Kalman claimed that not only graphic design has lost all concept, but so has multiple outlets of expression including theatre and film. He also discusses the lack of cultural relevance and individual passion present within design work due to the conflict between money and solid design. He also discusses in depth how our culture has become purely a corporate culture, although stating reasonings of a modernist solution.

Practical research

The question in which I have decided to complete is how Graphic Design can be influential during periods of political and/or social upheaval. An hypothesis for my chosen question in relation to Obama's Hope campaign is how art can position an audience to have a certain outlook on  political figures, and also how specifically Obama's Hope campaign targeted a specific demographic profile. The contexts of my research interests primarily focus upon that of American politics, and the generic voter that was present during the 2008 election. An in depth approach will also be taken when looking at the artist Shepard Fairey, who developed the imagery for the Hope campaign.

Some sources I have already discovered surrounding these topic areas are listed below:

• Art For Obama: Designing Manifest Hope and the Campaign for Change
• Obey: Supply & Demand: the art of Shepard Fairey
• The rise and fall of the poster, street talk
• Art and Agenda: Political art and activism 
• http://www.streetartbio.com/#!shepard-fairey/cd7u
• thistory.about.com/od/namesff/p/fairey.htmar
• http://www.e-ir.info/2010/06/28/the-visual-culture-in-politics-the-obama-%E2%80%9Cprogress%E2%80%9D-poster/

When creating my practical work for this question, the 2016 American election will be my first point of call. In a similar way to that of Shepard, I will create a range of political posters targeting a specific demographic profile. I will experiment with multiple art techniques and may even follow the design of Shepard himself. In order to assist me with this task I will gather research surrounding the voting demographics within America, each presidents manifesto, and art surrounding previous political campaigns. I will experiment with many techniques, including some that have not yet been high profile within political campaigns. As I currently have family friends within America, I will ask them their response on the subject matter and may even get them to express my work to others, asking them for specific feedback upon the designs. I hope for my work to be completed before the 25th of March, as this is before Americas general election.